She was not forced to miss any work because of the treatment and can now do all the things she needs to do for work.įrozen shoulder Adhesive capsulitis Manipulation Active release therapy Non-invasive treatment. Over a course of five weeks, using a soft tissue manipulation technique known as active release technique along with electrified acupuncture and home exercises, we were able to increase her range of motion to near normal and her function to normal.
In our course of treatment we wanted to see if we could significantly improve pain-free range of motion and normal function without using invasive treatments like surgery and manipulation under anesthesia. She had not responded to typical physical therapy but did respond to active release therapy along with adjunctive manipulation and acupuncture.
This case documents the treatment of a middle-aged woman with chronic, unresponsive adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) using manipulation, active release therapy, and electronic acupuncture. Additionally, microarray technology being developed and applied to new areas of proteomics, cancer research, and cellular analysis. Generally, microarray analysis is not only applied for gene expression studies, but also used in immunology, genotyping, diagnostics and sequence analysis. They will be widely used to investigate the expression of various genes connected with various diseases in order to find the causes of these diseases and to enable their accurate treatment. DNA microarrays are used in the search of various specific genes or in gene polymorphism and expression analysis. The DNA microarrays assembly process is automatized and further miniaturized. The different types of DNA microarray or DNA chip devices and systems are described along with their methods of fabrication and their use.
Microarrays are powerful new tools for the investigation of global changes in gene expression profiles in cells and tissues. It is the most reliable and widely accepted tool facilitating the simultaneous identification of thousands of genetic elements even a single gene. Evaluation of CTCs should incorporate histological, immunehistochemical, and molecular characterization to enable clinicians to obtain the comprehensive diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic information necessary to provide appropriate personalized care to cancer patients.Ĭirculating tumor cell (CTC) Circulating Tumor cell Cancer Isolation Detection Metastasis Prognosis.ĬTC: Circulating tumor cell RT-PCR: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition MET: Mesenchymal-epithelial transition TRAIL: Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen CUP: Cancer of unknown primary CAP: College of American Pathologists AMP: Association for Molecular Pathology ASCO: American Society of Clinical Oncology.ĭeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) microarrays are collections of DNA probes arranged on a base pair and the latest commercialized molecular diagnostic technologies that offer high throughput results, more sensitive and require less time. Additionally, cytological specimens have been shown to be useful for ancillary testing in patients when surgical resection specimens or biopsies are not available.
Using morphological evaluation, CTCs in body fluids could be used for primary diagnosis in the setting of cancer of unknown primary (CUP) or in initial or early diagnostic scenarios. However, these have limitations, of which most of them do not have the ability to perform morphological evaluation. Current methodologies are based on quantifying CTCs and include technologies based on physical, immunological, and molecular techniques. Although the current clinical utility has been focused on the prognostic significance, other clinical applications are being explored, such as determining if a patient is a candidate for treatment, determining the efficacy of treatment, evaluation for resistance to therapy, prediction of metastatic site, or as an early predictor of metastases. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are the precursors to metastases and increased numbers of CTCs in the peripheral circulation have been shown to correlate with decreased progression-free and overall survival.
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